Washington Watch
Back in the 1960s Americans were deeply divided on matters of war and raceāand Christians in America were on both sides of the divide. While Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. and religious leaders associated with his Southern Christian Leadership Conference led protests and committed acts of civil disobedience demanding civil rights, they were countered by white Christian preachers in the south who warned of the dangers of violating God’s will by ignoring the punishment God had meted out to the “sons of Ham.” And while New York’s Catholic Cardinal Francis Spellman traveled to Vietnam to bless U.S. troops as they battled “godless Communism,” a Jesuit priest, Daniel Berrigan, led fellow clergymen and women in protests against the war, often resulting in their arrest and imprisonment (in one case, for burning the Selective Service files of young men who were to be drafted to serve in the military).
During this entire period, I do not recall Christianity being described as a warlike or racist faith. Nor do I recall King and Berrigan being referred to as “Christian protesters.” We did not engage in drawn out theological debatesāÆin an effort to determine which interpretation of Christianity was correct. Rather we defined these individuals by what they did. There were either “segregationists” or “civil rights leaders,ā not āChristian segregationistsā or āChristian civil rights leaders.”āÆThey were “supporters of the war” or “peace activists, not āChristian supporters of the warā or āChristian peace activists.”
What we may have understood, at least implicitly, was that just because a person or institution uses religious language to validate certain behaviours that does not make their behaviour “religious.” Nor does this behaviour define, by itself, the religion to which the person or institution adheres. This is something that many in the West still understand, at least when it comes to Christianity. Despite President George W. Bush indicating that America was carrying out Godās will in the Iraq war, we knew not to refer to that conflict as a āChristianā war. This understanding, however, has not carried over to our discussion of Islam.
For reasons beyond the scope of this short piece, when dealing with Islam, political leaders, media commentators, and ordinary folk here in the West appear intent on using religious language to describe every aspect of life and all forms of behaviour, both good and bad, as āMuslim.ā In doing so, we create confusion for ourselves and others, leading at times, to incoherence and some very strange policies.
For example, faced with the threat of individuals and groups using the religious language of Islam to validate their acts of terror,āÆwe refer to them as “Muslim terrorists.” But then because we recognize that they represent only a tiny fraction of Muslims, we maintain that they “don’t speak for Islam.” This then leads us down the tortuous path of attempting to define what is “good” Islam versus “bad” Islamā creating a kind of “state-sanctioned” interpretation of a faithā something we understood not to do when it involves Christianity.
Another example: A colleague, for whom I have the greatest respect, wrote a book in which he first correctly debunks the notion of “Muslim terrorists,” but then goes on to write a chapter about “Muslim oil”ā by which he means oil coming from Gulf and Central Asian and some African countries. If āMuslim oilā can be defined in this way, does that make US and Canadian oil “Christian” or “secular democratic” oil? Should we consider Venezuelan oil “Bolivarian” oil?
You may recall when the Obama White House sponsored a summit for āMuslim entrepreneursāā which they described as focusing on entrepreneurs from “Muslim-majority countries and Muslim communities around the world.” Aside from troubling questions about what message this sends toāÆbusinesspeople from the Arab World or Indonesia or elsewhere who may not be Muslim, or what local sectarian tensions such an effort may exacerbate, what exactly is a “Muslim entrepreneur”? Or, for that matter, what is a “Christian entrepreneur” or āHindu entrepreneurā?
You may recall when the Obama White House sponsored a summit for āMuslim entrepreneursāā which they described as focusing on entrepreneurs from “Muslim-majority countries and Muslim communities around the world.” Aside from troubling questions about what message this sends toāÆbusinesspeople from the Arab World or Indonesia or elsewhere who may not be Muslim, or what local sectarian tensions such an effort may exacerbate, what exactly is a “Muslim entrepreneur”? Or, for that matter, what is a “Christian entrepreneur” or āHindu entrepreneurā?
We continue to hold the line on treating Christianity and the acts of its nominal adherents in a similar fashion. When Donald Trump had troops disperse āBlack Lives Matterā demonstrators in front of the White House so he could march through Lafayette Square and pose in front of St Johnās Church holding up a Bible, was that a Christian action? When the Republican candidate for governor of Pennsylvania proclaims himself to be a āChristian Nationalist,ā do we accept that at face value?
At the end of the day, there are xenophobic nationalists, there are terrorists, there is oil, and there are people who start up and run businesses. They are better defined by what they do and not by their faith. For government or the rest of us to insist on defining them by faith, or even how they describe themselves or how they define their actions, is at best careless. It also runs the risk of Western governments treading into the murky waters of defining “good” or acceptable religion, or of applying a religious litmus test on groups which, in itself, makes a political statement that is most certainly none of our business, and can be dangerous.