Ocean conservation stands at the front line of global environmental priorities as humanity is battling with increasing challenges that threaten the world’s marine ecosystems. As rising temperatures, over-exploitation of resources and pollution devastate ocean health, concerted efforts are essential to protect these vital ecosystems. Utilizing the transformative power of Artificial Intelligence in data analysis, satellite imagery interpretation, underwater sensors, drones and predictive modeling, unprecedented insights can be gained into the complexities of marine ecosystems. AI not only enhances human understanding of ocean dynamics but also provides tangible solutions for preserving the delicate balance of marine life. In this era of innovation, the collaboration between AI and ocean conservation signifies a pivotal stride toward sustainable practices and the protection of the most threatened ecosystems of our planet.
The challenges our oceans face are monumental, but AI offers a glimmer of hope. The use of AI gives a chance to reverse the tide of environmental degradation and ensure a sustainable future for our oceans. It is important to embrace the power of AI and commit to its responsible and ethical use, for the benefit of our oceans. The time to act is now
International laws governing ocean conservation are primarily shaped by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). UNCLOS establishes a comprehensive legal framework for maritime boundaries, Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), sustainable utilization and protection of marine resources. This framework is reinforced by agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), alongside specific measures addressing issues such as Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing and pollution prevention through conventions. Collectively, these international frameworks aim to preserve marine biodiversity, regulate fisheries, and address environmental threats, emphasizing the global community’s commitment to responsible and sustainable ocean management.
UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 14 relating to “Life Below Water” aims to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources and also includes targets related to marine biodiversity, sustainable fisheries, reduction of marine pollution and the protection of coastal ecosystems. According to the United Nations Development Program, with over three billion people relying on marine and coastal ecosystems for their livelihoods, the alarming reality is that 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks are overexploited. Oceans absorb 30 percent of human-produced carbon dioxide, resulting in a 26 percent increase in ocean acidification since the industrial revolution. Marine pollution, primarily from land-based sources, is reaching critical levels, with an average of 13,000 pieces of plastic litter per square kilometre of ocean.
The oceans face a crisis from plastic pollution, overfishing and climate-related threats, but AI is proving instrumental in addressing these challenges. IUU fishing poses a global threat, resulting in an annual depletion of 11-26 million tons of fish, valued at $10-23 billion. This crisis, exacerbated by nearly 90 percent of fish stocks being fully exploited or overfished, particularly endangers the health of oceans, impacting developing nations and small islands dependent on fisheries. AI is combating IUU fishing, with Skylight, a leading team at Allen Institute for AI (AI2) located in Seattle, which is employing technology to detect elusive “dark” vessels and identify potentially illegal activities. Utilizing computer vision on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery, Skylight swiftly scans extensive areas, including EEZs, to identify vessels, even those without location data.
Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) also play a crucial role by fostering cooperation among nations to manage specific fish stocks. Despite the existence of these legal frameworks, effective ocean conservation necessitates ongoing commitment, collaboration and adaptation to address emerging challenges and ensure the sustainable stewardship of our oceans. AI technologies contribute to the implementation and enhancement of existing legal frameworks, by providing innovative tools for monitoring and managing.
Plastic pollution has evolved into a pervasive environmental crisis, casting a shadow over the delicate balance of ecosystems worldwide. The generation of single-use plastics, coupled with inadequate waste management systems, has resulted in an alarming accumulation of plastic debris in oceans and rivers. Annually, an estimated eight million tons of plastic infiltrate oceans, with 70 percent sinking, 15 percent floating and 15 percent washing ashore. According to peer-reviewed research led by the 5 Gyres Institute, a U.S. organization claims that the plastic entering oceans could nearly triple by 2040 if left unchecked. The persistence of plastic pollution demands urgent attention and concerted global efforts to mitigate its far-reaching consequences. AI facilitates the detection of millions of tons of plastic waste through satellite imagery and drones for enhancing tracking capabilities, aiding cleanup efforts and raising awareness.
Ocean conservation in Pakistan is crucial to protect marine biodiversity, support coastal communities, and ensure economic stability. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Pakistan generates 3.3 million tons of plastic waste annually. The Indus River has gained infamy as the second most polluted river globally for its alarming 40 percent plastic concentration, the majority constituted by solid waste. Over 90 percent of plastic waste in the Upper Indus Basin reaches the river, adversely impacting aquatic life and communities, with a significant portion flowing downstream through the Kotri Barrage to the Arabian Sea. The Arabian Sea coastline is vital for fisheries, tourism, and climate regulation. Integrating AI into conservation efforts is crucial for sustainability, preserving marine ecosystems and securing the well-being of both the environment and dependent communities, marking a significant step towards a resilient and thriving maritime future in Pakistan.
The challenges our oceans face are monumental, but AI offers a glimmer of hope. The use of AI gives a chance to reverse the tide of environmental degradation and ensure a sustainable future for our oceans. It is important to embrace the power of AI and commit to its responsible and ethical use, for the benefit of our oceans. The time to act is now.
The writer is Research Assistant at the Center for International Strategic Studies Sindh.
