ISLAMABAD: Environmental experts have emphasized the need for Pakistan to adopt a China-like Air Quality Action Plan to combat the worsening smog crisis, particularly in Punjab.
Highlighting China’s success in drastically reducing air pollution, they stressed that similar measures could provide long-term relief for Pakistan’s urban centers plagued by hazardous air quality.
China’s Air Quality Action Plan is considered a benchmark globally, credited with reducing particulate pollution by 41% between 2013 and 2022. The initiative improved life expectancy by two years on average for its citizens. Experts believe Pakistan could replicate this success by enforcing stringent emission standards, investing in clean energy, expanding electric public transport, and implementing robust monitoring systems.
Punjab, Pakistan’s most populous province, is experiencing severe smog due to high traffic emissions and the practice of paddy stubble burning by farmers. Annually, 7 to 8 million metric tons of plant debris are set on fire, releasing harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Recent Air Quality Index (AQI) readings in cities like Multan have exceeded 2,000—categorizing the air as hazardous and among the worst globally.
China’s approach, which tied environmental goals to government officials’ performance, restricted new coal plants, and capped vehicular emissions, has been a game-changer. Additionally, promoting affordable electric vehicles and adopting renewable energy sources contributed significantly to the country’s progress.
Pakistan’s National Clean Air Policy (NCAP), launched in 2021 and updated in 2023, provides a framework for tackling air pollution. Punjab’s Clean Air Action Plan, formulated in 2023, aligns with the national policy and targets emission reductions and better monitoring. However, experts criticize the lack of enforcement and inadequate funding, coupled with limited political commitment and public awareness, as major obstacles to achieving cleaner air.
To move forward, stakeholders must prioritize the enforcement of these policies. Experts recommend taking cues from China’s success, involving all levels of government, civil society, advocacy groups, and the public in a unified effort. By doing so, Pakistan can not only improve air quality but also safeguard public health and enhance the quality of life for its citizens.
